International Conference on Holistic Medicine and Holistic Nursing July 14-15, 2016 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

Alaa S. Barhamain; Senior medical student completing her final year at Umm Al-Qura University, College of Medicine to obtain her MD Bachelor Degree in 2017. She is very interested in the field of research and is a main author in 3 research papers under review for publication. Currently she is studying the theurapeutic benifits of heliotherapy.

The use of Heliotherapy for the treatment of various affections of the body is of an old date. It was in 1880 that heliotherapy became a recognized therapeutic procedure in surgical tuberculosis and gained a wide popularity. Since that time, further studies were conducted to find out more health benefits to sun light. Many health institutions were built on high altitude or by the seashores in Europe to provide heliotherapy to patients suffering from TB in abdomen, bones and joints, psoriatic arthritis, uveitis, atopic dermatitis, and rheumatoid conditions…. etc. However, with the success of antibiotics in achieving faster therapeutic goals in the treatment of TB, and with the emerge of theories indicting that the direct exposure to sun light can be associated with increased incidence of skin cancer, the reputation of heliotherapy has reposed. We reviewed the earliest clinical data and observations reported by physicians and the relatively new studies and proposed Heliotherapy to be a solution for the failure of treatment of many diseases, specially those cases resistant to conventional therapy. This paper focuses on the therapeutic benefits of sunlight exposure in the treatment of drug resistant TB and granulomatous lesions whether in the lungs or any other part of the body. It also highlights the effect of heliotherapy in the treatment of a group of skin manifestations, mood enhancement, immune modulation and treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Muhammad Muneeb Ullah Siddiqui has graduated from Dow medical college,Karachi in the year 2015 where he has been known as a socially active student owing to his contributions to Patient Welfare Association (a non-profit organisation catering to the poor and helpless patients of civil hospital Karachi).He is also a member of Pakistan Islamic Medical Association and has been the organiser for two consecutive years at their biennial conventions.Currently he is enrolled for post graduate studies at College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan.

Introduction: Polio is one of the most crippling diseases and has been eradicated from most of the world. However, it is still an issue for countries like Pakistan and Afghanistan and is a global threat for polio free countries. Beside political will, Vaccinator role is very important in eradicating disease. This study was designed in order to find out the problems faced by vaccinator in executing polio campaign, which may play a key role in failure of campaign.
Material & Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in 18 towns of Karachi. We obtained list of vaccinators and then randomly selected 190 vaccinators by simple random sampling method using SPSS program. 179 of them gave consent for interview. The questions were based on expected problems faced by vaccinators and were coded for entry in SPPS program. Participants were asked for suggested solutions as well.
Result: There were 138 male (77.1%) and 41 female (22.9%) participated in the study. Almost all of the workers 177 (98.9%) were not satisfied with the security and the same number were not satisfied with their salary. 141 (78.8%) complained transportation problem and 100% of them demanded transport/conveyance allowance and lunch during the campaign. They also pointed out poor arrangement for storage of vaccine during transportation at the site of vaccine.
Conclusion: Vaccinators should be provided with full security for the effective execution of campaign. Their salaries should be increased and lunch should be provided to all of them during campaign as it is not possible for them to arrange it during campaign.

Shakeeb Irfan is a student of F Sc. Of Govt. Dehli College, Karachi, Pakistan. He has leadership quality and special interest in research. He is strong believer of holistic concept of health. He is doing research in many aspects of human health. His current presentation “Beliefs of people regarding shrine” reflects his strong concern towards community issues. He is a good sportsman as well and plays table tennis, cricket and football. He believes in helping the humanity and is always, ahead of others, in extending help to marginalized.

Introduction: Sufi and saints have played a major role in preaching religion and they have always been considered as pious and respectful. Sufi and saints have imparted religious knowledge and we consider them as our role models but people take them beyond the capacity of human being and expect them various deeds which only suits to Almighty Allah SWT. This study was conducted to find out the different beliefs of people visiting shrine.
Material and Method: This cross sectional study was conducted at Shrine of Abdullah Shah Ghazi, which is situated in Clifton Town of Karachi and every day about 2000 tourists attend the Shrine. We used systematic random sampling technique by selecting every 10th visitor, thus 172 out of 1720 visitors, selected for interview. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS software.
Result: Out of 172 visitors 59% were male. Majority 77% were in the age group 18-35. Seventy three percent believed on promises. Out of those who believed in promises, 36% believed that prayers are answered through promises and they offer promises by covering the cloth sheet on grave and by distributing food and sweets. Eighty person take something for good omen from shrine. Majority visit the shrine because of their devotion and to get peace of mind. Eighty four percent said that they visit other shrines as well. Conclusion: It is concluded that most of the visitor were young and believed in promises and visit the shrine for their devotion and to get peace of mind.
Key words: beliefs, shrine, omen, saint, Karachi

Areeb Irfan is a student of fourth year, MBBS of Bahria University Medical & Dental College. He has leadership quality and special interest in research. He was elected as the Class Representative by his class fellow, right from first year MBBS. He is strong believer of holistic concept of health. He is doing research in many aspects of human health. His current presentation on suicidal ideation and attempts reflects his strong concern towards community issues. He is a good sportsman as well and captain of football team. He was also a member of Bahria Medics, a social organization for the welfare of patients.

Introduction: The prevalence of suicidal attempts has increasing trends in developing countries. The common cause of suicide is depression and substance abuse. Most of the suicides attempts (70-90%) are associated with depressive disorders. Suicides are result of untreated depression. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence of suicides attempts and ideation and their association with other symptoms of depression.
Material and Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in four teaching hospitals of Karachi i.e. Civil Hospital, Jinnah Post graduate Medical Centre, Ziauddin Hospital and Kulsoom Bi Valika Hospital. The duration of the study was 5 months. The written permission were obtained from the respective head of psychiatry departments of each hospital to approach the patient in OPDs and clinics. One hundred patients were selected through convenient sampling method. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS software.
Result: Ratio of male to female was 43:57. Seventy one persons were not employed with the same number married. Mode, Median and Mean age group was 15-25 years. Thirty seven percent had abnormal morbid thoughts of death or suicide and among them 16% had actually attempted suicide while 21% had only ideation. There was significant difference between the two sexes both in prevalence of suicidal attempts and ideation.
Conclusion: It is concluded that most of the patients were moderately depressed. Most of them were married, with age group 15-25 was at highest risk and more females than males had abnormal thoughts of death and ideation and they had attempted more.
Key words: suicide ideation, suicide attempts, Hamilton rating of depression, depressive disorders, Karachi

Raiyah Irfan is a student of third year, MBBS of Jinnah Sindh Medical University. She has leadership quality and special interest in reseach. Right from childhood, she was involved in social and volunteer work. She is strong believer of holistic concept of health. She is doing research in many aspects of human health. Her current presentation on life style of diabeteics in Karachi refelects her strong concern towards community issues. She is a good sportsman and a memebr of basket ball team. She is excellent in swiming. She is also a member of Faith Society and Research Society at her University.

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a clinical syndrome characterized by high level of blood glucose. Prevalence of diabetes is on rise globally. Beside other risk factors for diabetes, life style has key role in increasing trend of diabetes prevalence, associated morbidity and complications. This cross-sectional study was designed to find the life style changes, patient adopted after disclosure of diabetics.
Material and Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in six towns, of Karachi. The sampling technique was non probability convenient sampling. All those adult (aged 20-70 years) who had proven diabetic for at-least one year duration were included in the study. Sample size was estimated as 100. WHO criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes was used.
Result: Male were 60 (60%) and female were 40 (40%). Mean, Median and Mode were age group 41-50 for both male and female. Regarding monitoring blood glucose 19% were monitoring it irregularly. Only 21% were doing exercises regularly. Twenty five percent were still smoking. Fifty eight% had increased weight. Thirty percent did not change their sugar intake habit, while 68% reduced it substantially. Sixty three percent reduced fat intake. Forty five percent had hypertension as well. Only 45% were aware of renal, ophthalmic, cardiovascular, gangrene and other complication of diabetes.
Conclusion: Low number of diabetics had changed their life style for healthy living and to avoid complication of diabetes because of low percentage of awareness of complications. Proper media campaign to increase awareness about healthy life style may decrease morbidity and mortality among diabetics.
Key words: diabetes mellitus, life style changes, complication, exercise, monitoring glucose level.

Shaheen MH is a 6th-year medical student at Faculty of Medicine Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. He is interested in researches and has five researches as a co-author and three as a data collector. He has presented three researches as an oral presentation at three different conferences. He is the Head and Vice-head of Scientific Committee at medical students’ club for 2 consecutive years. He is a trainer in musculoskeletal examination workshops at conference and other coming events. He is the Head of the Student Coordinating Committee for the student mentoring center.

Introduction: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are considered as the leading cause for morbidity and mortality in several developing countries including Saudi Arabia. Though majority of cases are viral, three-quarters of antibiotics consumed is for ARIs, which has contributed to the emergence of drug-resistant bacterial pathogens, serious side effects and a significant waste of health care resources. This study was conducted to observe the pattern of physician prescriptions, to determine their practices related to ARI management and compliance to WHO protocols, and to provide recommendations to enhance their practices in primary health care.
Material & Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in Primary Health Care centers of Makkah Al Mukarrama, Saudi Arabia. We selected 908 prescriptions of 28 practitioners of public and private sectors and compared the prescription with WHO recommended guidelines for acute respiratory tract infection, after taking their consent. Ethical approval was obtained from the Umm Al-Qura Medical College ethical committee.
Result: There were 522 male (57.5%) and 386 female (42.5%) children. It was found that weight, pulse rate, temperature and respiratory rates were not recorded in 224 (24.7%), 306 (33.7%), 144 (15.9%) and 326 (35.9%) cases. In 172 cases (19%) no diagnosis was mentioned. Antibiotics were prescribed in 465 (51%) cases while most of the cases were of simple cold, where antibiotics are not recommended.
Conclusion: Many physicians in Makkah Mukurramah are not following WHO recommended guidelines. Training program should be organized to sensitize the physicians regarding the appropriate method of diagnosis and rationale use of antibiotic.

Senior Medical Student,Saudi Arabia

Background : Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. It develops in nearly all individuals with type one diabetes and in more than 75% of individuals with type two who survive for over twenty years with the disease.
Objective: To clarify the importance of early detection of DR, and specifically to determine its prevalence among type one diabetic patients.
Methods : A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted on all registered type one diabetic patients attending Al-Shohada family health center (FHC); during the period from June to August 2015. The study included 105 patients with type one diabetes mellitus. They were subjected to a predesigned questionnaire, and their data were retrieved by checking their files. They were referred for fundus examination by ophthalmologist . Results: The prevalence of DR among type one diabetic patients was 51.3%, and it was 62.8% among the patients who had never undergone fundus examination before. In 57% of the patients, the barrier for DR screening were negligence and lack of awareness about its importance. Prevalence of DR depends on the duration in addition to the degree diabetes control.
Conclusion :Most of type one diabetic patients are aware of its complications; however, there is little awareness about the importance of screening for DR, which together with negligence constitutes the main barriers for its screening. Therefore, the family physician plays an important role in dealing with these problems for early detection and management of diabetic retinopathy.

Mohammad M. Alkot has completed his PhD at the age of 30 years and postdoctoral studies from Menoufia University School of Medicine. He is the vice director of family Medicine department and Manshea university hospital. He has published more than 25 papers in reputed journal

Background
Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina. It affects all age groups from adolescents to postmenopausal women and is the most common gynecological problem facing the provider of primary care as . It affects women daily activities It may complicated with cervicitis, salpingitis, endometritis, urinary tract infections and pelvic inflammatory disease
Objectives: to determine prevalence and risk factors of vaginitis among women attending the primary health care sites.
Subjects and Methods: The study was done in a randomly selected two family health care centers representing both urban and rural sectors of Tanta District, El-Gharbia Governorate, conducted during the period from May 2014 to April 2015.A cross sectional analytical study involving all women attending the selected sites during the period of the study. It was found that, 160 women were suffering from vaginal who compared with 240 healthy women as a matched control group .Questionnaire was designed to obtain full history, analysis of vaginal complaint and speculum vaginal examination & laboratory examination of discharge
Results: Out of all studied women 38.8% had fungal infection , 31.3% had bacterial vaginosis and 8% were diagnosed as trichomoniasis. The study showed statistical significant difference between cases of different types of vaginitis regards age of patients, IUD use, previous attacks, vaginal douche, menstrual hygienic pads, drying after vaginal wash and using of public toilets.
Conclusion & Recommendation: the study showed a significant relation between vaginitis and using of IUDs, and hormonal contraception and bad menstrual hygiene .The women are in need for continues health education program
Key words: Infectious vaginitis, trichomoniasis , postmenopausal